Synthesis and characterization of Sophora alopecuroides L. green synthesized of Ag nanoparticles for the antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA damage prevention activity

Abstract In this study, it was aimed to investigate the amount of antioxidant, protective properties against DNA damage and antibacterial properties against various pathogens after the interaction of Ag metal (Ag NPs/Sa) of Sophora alopecuroides L. (S. alopecuroides L) plant seed, which is grown in Igdir and used in the treatment of many diseases. The DPPH radical quenching activity of Ag NPs/Sa was performed by using Blois method, DNA damage prevention activity by gel electrophoresis and antibacterial property by disk diffusion method. With the green synthesis method, AgNPs obtained as a result of the reaction of the plant and Ag metal are UV visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). DPPH radical quenching activity of Ag NPs/Sa was investigated in the concentration range of 25-250 µg/ml. The radical quenching activity at a concentration of 250 µg/ml was 85,215 ± 0,101%, while this value was 93,018% for the positive control BHA. It has been observed that the protective property of pBR322 plasmid DNA damage against OH radicals originating from H2O2 increases with concentration. It has been observed that Ag NPs/Sa has significant antimicrobial properties against some pathogens (B. subtilis ATCC 6633 E. coli ATCC 25952, B. cereus ATCC 10876, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. faecalis ATCC 29212, S. aureus ATTC 29213 and C. albicans ATTC 90028) that cause disease and even some pathogens are more effective than antibiotics

Leguminosas como causa infrecuente de alergia alimentaria en Colombia: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Legumes as an infrequent cause of food allergy in Colombia: report of two cases and review of the literature

La alergia alimentaria se ha venido incrementando a nivel mundial, afectando alrededor del 1,5 % a 2,5 % de los adultos y 6 % de los niños, y tiene un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores, debido a las dietas de restricción. Los alérgenos más prevalentes son la leche, el huevo, el trigo, la soja, los frutos secos, el maní, el pescado y los mariscos. Las leguminosas mejor estudiadas son el maní y la soja; otras leguminosas como las lentejas, garbanzos y arvejas representan la quinta causa de alergia alimentaria en el área mediterránea, en Turquía y en la India, siendo menos prevalentes en otras áreas geográficas. La alergia a las leguminosas es una entidad infrecuente en Colombia, se desconoce la prevalencia en el país. Describimos los primeros dos casos de anafilaxia por lentejas reportados en el país. Ambos pacientes menores de 18 años, con reacciones adversas tras la ingesta de leguminosas, en las cuales se demuestra alergia mediada por IgE a las lentejas y además sensibilización en el primer caso a las arvejas y garbanzos, y en el segundo caso a los frijoles. Diferentes datos sobre la prevalencia se han descrito en varias áreas geográficas, siendo mayor en países con dietas mediterráneas. Las reacciones mediadas por IgE suelen aparecer incluso con el alimento altamente cocido, debido a la termo-estabilidad de las proteínas. La reactividad cruzada más frecuente se relaciona con los garbanzos y las arvejas

Food allergy has been increasing worldwide. Affects around 1.5% to 2.5% of adults and 6% of children, and has a great impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, due to restricted diets. The most prevalent allergens are milk, egg, wheat, soy, tree nuts, peanuts, fish and shellfish. The best studied legumes are peanuts and soybeans; other legumes such as lentils, chickpeas and peas represent the fifth cause of food allergy in the Mediterranean area, Turkey and India, being less prevalent in other geographical areas. Allergy to legumes is not common in Colombia, the prevalence in the country is unknown. We describe the first two cases of legumes anaphylaxis reported in the country. Both patients were under 18 years of age, with adverse reactions after ingesting legumes, in which IgE-mediated allergy was demonstrated; in the first case to lentils, peas and chickpeas, and in the second case, to lentils and beans. Different data on prevalence have been described in various geographical areas, being higher in countries with Mediterranean diets. IgE-mediated reactions usually appear even with highly cooked food, due to the thermo-stability of proteins. The most frequent cross-reactivity is related to chickpeas and peas

Evaluation of copaiba oil as enhancer of ibuprofen skin permeation

Abstract The administration of medications on the skin through transcutaneous routes is a practice that has been used by mankind for millennia. Some studies have been reporting the use of terpenes and natural oils rich in terpenes as an enhancer of cutaneous penetration. Copaiba oil, due to its rich content of terpenes, presents itself as a great choice of penetration enhancer for drugs administered on the skin. In this study, we developed two cream formulations containing 5% of ibuprofen (IBU) and copaiba oil: IBCO5 and IBCO10 with 5% and 10% of copaiba oil respectively. Ex vivo cutaneous penetration/permeation studies of IBU were performed using pig ear skin as biological membrane in the Franz-type diffusion cells. The steady-state flux of IBU samples, IBCO5 (35.72 ± 6.35) and IBCO10 (29.78 ± 2.41) were significantly higher when compared with control without copaiba oil (10.32 ±1.52) and with a commercial product (14.44 ± 2.39). In the penetration analysis, the amount of IBU found in the samples IBCO5 and IBCO10 was markedly higher in the dermis than epidermis. Our results showed that copaiba oil possesses attracting properties in promoting skin penetration and permeation of IBU when added into cream formulations.

Effect of Trigonella foenum Extract and ZiO2 Nanoparticles on Some Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria

Aim: The current venture, were made to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Trigonella foenum seed Extract and ZiO2 Nanoparticles on some selected species of Fungi and Bacteria. Materials and Methods: two bacterial species included Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and three fungal species which is Cryptococcus neoformans, Candidda albicans and Chaetomium were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Trigonella foenum Extract and ZiO2 Nanoparticles. Results: This study showed that the Zirconium Oxide (ZiO2) nanoparticles have antifungal and antibacterial activities on the isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida alicans and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. While the antimicrobial activity of Zirconium Oxide nanoparticles on the Chaetomium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was negative. All tested fungi and bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to Trigonella foenum seed extract, the results of the compination of the ZiO2 Nanoparticle and the Trigonella foenum seed extract were poisitive for all tested fungi isolates and bacterial isolates. The XRD analysis was done for Zirconium Oxide nanoparticles and the result showed that the biocrystallization on the surface of the Zirconium Oxide manoparticles. The average partides size was about (29.8) nm. Conclusions: This investigation conclude that the use of Trigonella foenum seed Extract has the effect of killing all bacteria and fungi under study, result indicate the Trigonella foenun seed Extract best antibacterial efficacy than the ZiO2 together (AU)

Effects of copaiba oil on dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles intermedia venom

Accidents caused by spiders of the genus Loxosceles constitute an important public health problem in Brazil. The venom of Loxosceles sp induces dermonecrosis at the bite site and systemic disease in severe cases. Traditional medicine based on plant-derived products has been proven to reduce the local effects of envenomation. The present study verified the healing effects of copaiba oil on lesions induced by the venom of L. intermedia. Methods: Cutaneous lesions were induced on the backs of rabbits by intradermal injection of L. intermedia venom. Copaiba oil was applied topically 6 hours after injection; the treatment was repeated for 30 days, after which animal skins were removed and processed for histopathological analysis. Blood samples were also collected before and 24 hours after venom inoculation to measure the hematological parameters. Results: Compared to the control group, the platelet count was reduced significantly in all groups inoculated with venom, accompanied by a decreased number of heterophils in the blood. The minimum necrotic dose (MND) was defined as 2.4 μg/kg. Topical treatment with copaiba oil demonstrated a differentiated healing profile: large skin lesions were observed 10 days after venom inoculation, whereas formation of a thick crust, without scarring was observed 30 days after venom inoculation. Histopathological analysis showed no significant difference after treatment. Nevertheless, the copaiba oil treatment induced a collagen distribution similar to control skin, in marked contrast to the group that received only the spider venom injection. Conclusions: We conclude that copaiba oil may interfere in the healing process and thus propose it as a possible topical treatment for cutaneous lesions induced by L. intermedia venom.(AU)

Antidiabetic activity evaluation of Onobrychis species on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

In the current study, four Onobrychis species, O. albiflora Hub.-Mor., O. argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea Boiss., O. galegifolia Boiss., and O. tournefortii (Willd.) Desv. were collected from Anatolia to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Methanol water extracts of the aerial parts were used for experiments. An alloxan-induced diabetic mice test model was used. Phytochemical analysis of the tested extracts was investigated using the HPLC method. The highest activity was observed with treatment of O. albiflora aerial part extract. Significant decrements were detected in the blood glucose levels as follows: 180.83±47.48 and 252.83±50.47mg/dL at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of O. albiflora, respectively, when compared to the isotonic saline solution control group, eliciting a blood glucose level of 494.20±27.32. Among the tested standard compounds, rutin and isoquercetin were detected in the examined species. The highest amount of rutin (1.1981±0.0017%) and isoquercetin (0.7318±0.0197%) were found in O. albiflora and O. argyrea subsp. argyrea, respectively. Antidiabetic activities of the tested Onobrychis species seem to indicate a possible correlation with their rutin and isoquercetin contents. Therefore, rutin and isoquercetin may be the antidiabetic compounds that contribute to the antidiabetic activity of the tested Onobrychis species.

Hepatoprotective effect of Alhagi sparsifolia against Alcoholic Liver injury in mice

Overconsumption of alcohol leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Natural compounds have been investigated previously for their hepatoprotective activities against liver injury. This study investigated the protective effect of Alhagi sparsifolia on ALD. Alcohol was administered to mice for three consecutive days; either alone or in combination with Alhagi sparsifolia extract (150, 300, 600 mg/kg). Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase as biomarkers of liver injury, the content of malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glutathione which indicated the redox status of liver and the antioxidant enzyme activity of super oxide dismutase were detected, respectively. Moreover, the expression of protein cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) the key enzyme of alcohol metabolism, and also tested by western blot experiment. Subsequently, the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors including TNF- α and TLR4 was determined real-time PCR. Results showed that Alhagi sparsifolia significantly alleviated alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing serum ALT and AST, inhibiting MDA and H2O2 content, increasing SOD, and GSH level in the liver (P< 0.05). In addition, the Alhagi sparsifolia treatment inhibited the expression of CYP2E1 (P< 0.05). The results suggest that Alhagi sparsifolia could be a promising natural substance for ameliorating acute alcohol-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury

Acute and chronic toxicity and antimicrobial activity of the extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville / Toxicidade aguda e crônica e atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and acute or chronic toxicity of the extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens. The stem bark dry extract was obtained by static maceration with ethanol. Quantification of tannins was performed by the Folin-Denis method, which indicated a total tannin content of 32.7%. The antimicrobial activity of the dry extract of S. adstringens was evaluated by agar-based disk diffusion assay with Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) in the concentration of 200, 400 and 600µL/mL. The results indicated that 600µL/mL inhibited microbial growth, i.e. had antimicrobial activity against these species. Acute and chronic toxic effects of S. adstringens was evaluated in Wistar rats treated with 200, 400, 600 and 800mg/kg of extract, administrated by gavage. Liver degeneration was observed in the group of rats receiving 800mg/kg in chronic exposure, what may indicate some degree of toxicity at this concentration. However, no systemic toxicity was observed at lower doses. Considering the broad use of S. adstringens as a phytotherapeutic agent for various human and animal diseases and the livertoxicity observed at high concentrations, attention should be paid to the possible adverse effect of using the extract from this plant at high concentration.(AU)

Avaliou-se neste estudo a atividade antimicrobiana e a toxicidades aguda e crônica do extrato da entrecasca de Stryphnodendron adstringens. A partir do extrato seco, obtido através da maceração estática da casca do caule em etanol de cereais, foi realizada a quantificação de taninos totais (32,7%) pelo método de Folin-Denis. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato seco extraído de cascas do caule de S. adstringens foi avaliada pela técnica de disco-difusão para os micro-organismos Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) nas concentrações de 200, 400 e 600µL/mL. Os testes de concentração inibitória mínima revelaram que 600µL/mL inibiu o crescimento dos dois micro-organismos testados; o mesmo resultado foi observado para atividade bactericida na concentração de 600µL/mL sobre essas espécies. Efeitos tóxicos sistêmicos agudos e crônicos do extrato seco de S. adstringens administrados por gavagem foram estudados em ratos Wistar, utilizando as doses de 400, 600 e 800mg/kg. Foi observada degeneração hepática no grupo de animais que receberam 800mg/kg tanto no estudo da toxicidade aguda quanto crônica, que pode indicar algum grau de toxicidade de S. adstringens nessa concentração. Considerando o amplo uso de S. adstringens como fitoterápico para humanos e animais, atenção deve ser dispensada para ingestão em altas doses mediante os efeitos tóxicos observados neste estudo.(AU)

Historical review of clinical vaccine studies at Oswaldo Cruz Institute and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - technological development issues

This paper presents, from the perspective of technological development and production, the results of an investigation examining 61 clinical studies with vaccines conducted in Brazil between 1938-2013, with the participation of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC) and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz). These studies have been identified and reviewed according to criteria, such as the kind of vaccine (viral, bacterial, parasitic), their rationale, design and methodological strategies. The results indicate that IOC and Fiocruz have accumulated along this time significant knowledge and experience for the performance of studies in all clinical phases and are prepared for the development of new vaccines products and processes. We recommend national policy strategies to overcome existing regulatory and financing constraints.

Hepatotoxicidade induzida por Hypericum perforatum com possível associação a copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf): relato de caso / Hypericum perforatum-induced hepatotoxicity with possible association with copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf):case report

Relatamos um caso de dano hepático em paciente idosa após uso de produtos naturais à base de Hypericum perforatum e copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf). A hepatotoxicidade do Hypericum perforatum é conhecida por relatos, mas a respeito da copaíba, largamente usada como anti-inflamatório, há apenas dados experimentais na literatura nacional. Essa apresentação visou chamar a atenção para possível efeito tóxico dessa associação, bem como para a recuperação clínica da paciente após interrupção de seu uso. Há uma tendência de suspeitar sobre a ação de medicamentos para justificar a lesão hepática aguda não viral, em razão do grande número de fármacos responsáveis por hepatotoxicidade. A literatura tem publicado experimentos e relatos clínicos em que produtos fitoterápicos, inclusive Hypericum perforatum, são o agente causador dessa agressão, considerados inócuos e utilizados livremente. É preciso lembrar que reações adversas ocorrem também com essas substâncias, merecendo sua investigação na obtenção da anamnese, pela possibilidade de promoverem quadros graves de falência hepática.

We report a case of liver damage in an elderly patient after the use of herbal products of Hypericum perforatum and copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf). Hepatotoxicity related to Hypericum perforatum is anecdotally known, but for copaiba, widely used as anti-inflammatory, there is just experimental data in the national literature. This report aimed to draw attention to the possible toxic effects of this association as well as to the clinical recovery of the patient after discontinuing their use. There is a tendency to suspect of the action of drugs to justify a non-viral acute liver injury, because of the large number of drugs responsible for hepatotoxicity. There are experiments and clinical reports in the literature describing some herbal products, including Hypericum perforatum, as the causative agents of this aggression, and are considered innocuous and used with no restrictions. We must remember that adverse reactions also occur with these substances; hence, they should be investigated when collecting the patient´s history, for leading to severe liver failure.

Obstrução intestinal em bovinos associada ao consumo de Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae) / Intestinal obstruction in cattle consuming Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae)

The clinical and pathological findings of intestinal obstruction caused by phytobezoars in cattle consuming Stylosanthes sp. on three farms in Mato Grosso, Brazil, are described. The morbidity varied from 3.3 to 15% and the mortality was 100%. The animals stayed on pastures with predominance of Stylosanthes sp. for at least 60 days. The overall clinical picture was apathy followed by episodes of diarrhea or reduced feces and separation from the herd. Individual clinical signs were abdominal colic characterized by anorexia, discomfort, gastrointestinal hypomotility, dehydration, increased abdominal size, sweating, vocalization, sternal or lateral recumbence with the head on the flank. The clinical course lasted from 2 to 7 days. At necropsy, duodenal or pyloric obstruction was caused by ovoid phytobezoars of 2-4cm diameter; in the area of obstruction friable intestinal tissue with intense swelling, congestion, edema, and reddish mucosa was found. The rumen, abomasum and duodenum proximal to the site of obstruction was filled with greenish liquid, and absence of food contents was observed distally to the phytobezoars. Histologically, at the site of obstruction, the duodenum exhibited diffuse necrosis of the mucosal surface, thickening of the wall by submucosal edema, neutrophilic infiltration, fibrin deposition, necrosis of smooth muscle fibers, and marked congestion or hemorrhage. Pasture with the predominance of Stylosanthes sp. is a serious problem due to the possibility of phytobezoar formation, thus leading to intestinal obstruction and high mortality rates in cattle.

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever, em três propriedades rurais no Estado de Mato Grosso, a epidemiologia, o quadro clínico e o patológico da obstrução intestinal por fitobezoares em bovinos que pastoreavam em piquetes com predomínio de Stylosanthes sp. pelo menos 60 dias. A morbidade variou de 3,3% a 15% e a mortalidade foi de 100%. O quadro clínico foi de cólica abdominal caracterizado por apatia, anorexia, inquietação, desconforto, sudorese e vocalização, seguido por episódios de diarreia ou diminuição da produção fecal, desidratação, hipomotilidade gastrintestinal, aumento do volume abdominal, decúbito esternal ou lateral com a cabeça voltada para o flanco e morte. O curso clínico foi de 2-7 dias. A principal alteração notada durante a necropsia dos bovinos foi a obstrução intestinal por fitobezoar ovoide de 2-5 cm de diâmetro, frequentemente no duodeno, próximo ao piloro, ocasionalmente em sua porção média. Na área de obstrução notou-se a necrose da parede intestinal que estava enegrecida e intensamente demarcada em relação a segmento adjacente normal, além de intenso espessamento associado a edema, congestão e hemorragia. O abomaso e os segmentos intestinais anteriores a obstrução apresentavam-se repletos de conteúdo alimentar líquido e posteriormente estava com ausência de conteúdo. O rúmen frequentemente tinha grande quantidade de conteúdo liquido a pastoso. Em todos os bovinos necropsiados múltiplas estruturas sólidas, arredondadas ou ovoides, esverdeadas (fitobezoares) foram observadas no abomaso. Estes achados indicam que pastagens com predomínio de Stylosanthes sp. predispõem a formação de fitobezoares, os quais podem levar à obstrução intestinal e morte em bovinos.

Medicinal plant extracts on the control of Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) / Extratos de plantas medicinais no controle de Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of aqueous, alcoholic, and oil extracts from leaves of eight medicinal plants against Diabrotica speciosa prepared at five concentrations. The extracts that used commercial soybean oil as solvent showed the highest D. speciosa mortality due to the solvent itself, regardless of the used plants and their concentrations. Thus, commercial soybean oil was discarded as solvent since at these volumes it would cause serious phytotoxicity problems. After 24 hours of exposure of the pest to the extracts, the highest D. speciosa mortality values were observed for Copaifera langsdorfii and Chenopodium ambrosioides extracts, both in 5% alcohol, and Artemisia verlotorum, in 10% water. However, in the last mortality assessment (48 h), C. langsdorfii extract in 5% alcohol showed higher mortality of this pest, followed by C. ambrosioides extract in 5% alcohol, compared to the remaining plants.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito inseticida de extratos aquosos, alcoólicos e oleosos de folhas de oito plantas medicinais contra Diabrotica speciosa preparadas em cinco concentrações. Os extratos que utilizaram óleo de soja comercial como solvente apresentaram as maiores mortalidades de D. speciosa em função do próprio óleo, independentemente das plantas utilizadas em suas concentrações. Sendo assim, o óleo de soja comercial foi descartado como solvente, pois nestes volumes acarretaria sérios problemas de fitotoxidade. Após 24 horas de exposição da praga aos extratos, os maiores valores de mortalidade de D. speciosa foram observados nos extratos de Copaifera Langsdorfii e de Chenopodium ambrosioides, ambos em álcool 5%, e de Artemisia verlotorum, em água 10%. Entretanto, na última avaliação de mortalidade (48 h), o extrato de C. langsdorfii em álcool a 5% apresentou maior mortalidade dessa praga, seguida pelo extrato alcoólico a 5% de C. ambrosioides comparada às demais plantas.

Studies on the flora of yemen: 2-flora of toor al-baha district, Lahej governorate, Yemen

Toor Al-Baha of Lahej governorate [Yemen] lies between latitudes 12° 58 -13° 20 N, and longitudes 44° 11 - 44° 39 E, has been studied floristically. This region covers about 1883 sq ion. Analysis of the floristic composion of the studied area have been carried out and proved that, about 560 taxa belong to 288 genera and 89 families of the vascular plants have been recorded. Of these, the largest families are: Poaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Acanthaceae, Capparaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Mimosaceae, Tiliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Gonvolvulaceae and Scrophulariaceae, while the largest genera are: Euphorbia, Acacia, Grewia, Heliotropium, Indigofera, Barleria, Eragrostis, Aloe, Hibiscus, Solanum, Tepbrosia, Cadaba, Crenulluma, Ficus, Justicla, and Senna. It was also noted that the generic index - 1.94. Sixty eight succulents taxa belong to eighteen families were recorded in the flora of the studied area, among these families six are the richest ones: Asclepiadaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Aloaceae, Aizoaceae, Crassuiaceae and Vitaceae. Twenty eight taxa are endemic to flora of Yemen, among them Rhytidocaulon splendidum T. A. McCoy is endemic to Toor Al-Baha only. Another thirty four taxa are found to be near endemic to the flora of Yemen

Organogenesis and plant regeneration of Arachis villosa Benth. (Leguminosae) through leaf culture

With the aim of developing an efficient plant regeneration protocol, leaflet explants of three accessions of Arachis villosa Benth. (S2866, S2867 and L97) were cultured on basic Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators: alpha-naphthalenacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin and thidiazuron. The accession L97 was the only one able to differentiate buds through indirect organogenesis. The most suitable combination for bud regeneration was the basic medium added with 13.62 microM thidiazuron and 4.44 microM 6-benzylaminopurine. These results show the important role of the genotype in morphogenetic responses and the organogenetic effect of thidiazuron in Arachis villosa accession L97. A thidiazuron lacking media (only 0.54 microM alpha-naphthalenacetic acid, 13.95 microM kinetin and 13.32 microM 6-benzylaminopurine were added) promoted the elongation of the regenerated buds. Adventitious rooting was achieved 90 days after the isolated shoots were transferred to a rooting medium containing 0.54 microM alpha-naphthalenacetic acid.

Influência do óleo de Copaifera langsdorffii no reparo de ferida cirúrgica em presença de corpo estranho / Influence of Copaifera langsdorffii oil on the repair of a surgical wound in the presence of foreign body

A Copaifera langsdorffii é uma leguminosa nativa do Brasil, da qual pode ser extraído um óleo, popularmente conhecido como óleo de copaíba. Este óleo é amplamente utilizado para tratamento de feridas cutâneas por ser reconhecido como antiinflamatório e cicatrizante. Apesar disso, poucas comprovações científicas do verdadeiro efeito terapêutico desta planta medicinal foram produzidas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento tópico com C. langsdorffii no processo de reparo quando um corpo estranho é o indutor da inflamação. Para isso, 60 camundongos da linhagem BALB/c foram submetidos à incisão cirúrgica linear de 1cm no dorso para realizar o implante de uma lamínula de vidro com 12mm de diâmetro no tecido subcutâneo. Quatro tratamentos para a ferida foram estabelecidos: controle (C) tratado com solução salina estéril, controle veículo (CV) tratado com óleo mineral estéril, tratamento 1 (T1) tratado com diluição (v:v) de óleo mineral estéril e óleo de C. langsdorffii, tratamento 2 (T2) tratado com óleo de C. langsdorffii puro. As avaliações foram realizadas em períodos de tempo pré-determinados (1, 3, 5, 7 e 14 dias). Era possível perceber características da fase proliferativa como a reepitelização, a presença de fibroblastos e a neovascularização, porém os grupos tratados com o óleo (T1 e T2) não apresentavam reepitelização aos três dias. Esses grupos aos 5 e 7 dias apresentavam no exame macroscópico maior intensidade de edema, hiperemia e permanência de crostas. Na microscopia, a reepitelização ainda não estava completa e a crosta era serocelular. Nos grupos C e CV, apesar de discreta, era predominante a presença de mononucleares, enquanto nos grupos T1 e T2 o infiltrado inflamatório era misto e com maior intensidade que nos outros grupos. Quatorze dias depois da incisão cirúrgica, os aspectos macroscópicos dos grupos C e CV eram semelhantes e os grupos T1 e T2, apesar de a ferida estar completamente fechada e sem...

Copaifera langsdorffii is a Brazilian native leguminosae that produce resin-oil, popularly known as copaíba oil. This oil is used for the treatment of skin wound due to its recognized antiinflammatory and wound healing effects. Despite, its popular use, there are few published data about the therapeutic effect of this medicinal plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the topic treatment effect of the Copaíba oil on the process of skin repair inflammation induced by a foreign body subcutanously implanted. Sixty BALB/c mice were submitted to a 1cm linear incision and a 12mm circle coverslip was subcutaneously implanted. Four treatments groups were established: control, sterile saline (C); vehicle control, sterile mineral oil, (VC); treatment 1 (T1), mineral oil plus copaiba oil (V/V), and treatment 2 (T2) copaiba oil. The evaluations were performed at pre-determined time points (1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days). It was possible to find fibroblasts, epithelial cells proliferation, re-epithelization and newly formed blood vessels in all groups, however, all oil treated groups (T1 and T2) did not present re-epithelization at three days post surgical incision. On days 5 and 7, a higher intensity of edema and hyperemia on the groups T1 and T2 was observed, besides that, the T1 and T2 groups presented a serous cellular scab on the wounds that was absent on the C and VC groups. The inflammatory reactions among the groups C and VC showed more mononuclear cells than the T1 and T2 groups that presented a mixed cell patter composed from both mono and polymorphonuclear cells. Although the surgical wounds were re-epithelizaded, in the groups T1 and T2, they were covered by a serous cellular crust and the dermis tissue still presented an intense mononuclear cell inflammatory focus. Fourteen days after of the surgical incision, the gross aspects on groups C and VC were similar and on groups T1 and T2, despite wound to be completely closed and without...

Degradabilidade ruminal in situ de vagens de faveira (Parkia platycephala Benth.) em diferentes tamanhos de partículas / In situ ruminal degradability of faveira (Parkia platycephala Benth.) pods in different particle sizes

Estimaram-se os parâmetros de degradação ruminal da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) de vagens de faveira, trituradas em partículas de 2 e 5mm, pelo método do saco de náilon in situ em ovinos, nos tempos de incubação 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas, e determinou-se a degradabilidade efetiva, considerando-se taxas de passagem 2, 5 e 8 por cento/h. A fração a da MS e da PB foram 69,6 e 49,9 por cento, respectivamente, revelando elevada solubilidade da MS; a fração b para MS e PB foi 24,7 e 43,9 por cento, indicando baixa degradação da MS in situ, com estabilização da degradação da MS às 72h e da PB às 48h de incubação. O tanino de vagens de faveira não se mostrou depressor da degradabilidade in situ da PB

Soluble (a) and potentially degradable (b) fractions and degradation rate of b fraction (c) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of Parkia platycephala pods in particle sizes 2 and 5mm were estimated by in situ nylon bag method in sheep. The times of incubation were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, and the effective degradability (ED) was determined considering passage rates of 2, 5 and 8 percent/h. The a fractions for DM and CP was 69.6 and 49.9 percent, respectively, revealing elevated DM solubility: The b fractions for DM and CP was 24.7 and 43.9 percent, denoting reduced DM in situ degradation. The stabilization of the DM and CP degradation occurred at 72h and 48h after incubation, respectively. In situ degradability of constituents of P. platycephala pods, in special CP, were not depressed for their tannin contents

Efecto de precargas proteicas y de hidratos de carbono sobre el consumo de alimentos y energía en preescolares con diferente estado nutricional / Effect of protein and carbohydrate preloads on food and energy intakes in preschool children with different nutritional status

Se estudio el efecto de tres precargas: alta en hidratos de carbono simple (néctar de fruta), alta en hidratos de carbono complejos (plátano) y alta en proteínas (carne de pollo) en 56 preescolares de ambos sexos con estado nutricional normal y con sobrepeso, de acuerdo al individuo al indicador peso/talla, utilizando los estándares del NCHS. Las precargas se suministraban 30 minutos antes del almuerzo. Este consistía en un guiso de leguminosa, un postre de manzana y un flan que se otorgaba al final del almuerzo. Los niños eran estimulados pero no obligados a consumir los alimentos y el consumo era determinado por pesada diferencial. Se realizaron un total de 945 observaciones de consumo. Los resultados demuestran que en los niños con sobrepeso se observó una disminución significativa del consumo del almuerzo con respecto a los niños normales, en las precargas de hidratos de carbono: precarga de néctar 338.2 ñ 87.0 vs 350.9 ñ 75.9 g y en la precarga de plátano, 336.2 ñ 109.6 vs 357.4 ñ 89.4. Al realizar un análisis por edad, dividiendo a los niños en grupos de 24 a 36 meses y 36 a 48 meses, se evidenció que las diferencias observadas se debieron a los niños de 24 a 36 meses: precarga de néctar, 282.3 ñ 88.8 vs 350.9 ñ 75.9 y en la precarga de plátano, 262.6 ñ 98.9 vs 375.4 ñ 89.4. Al analizar la información del consumo energético derivado del consumo de alimentos se observó la misma tendencia. En las observaciones con la precarga de proteínas no se obsevó diferencias en el consumo por estado nutricional de los niños. Los resultados sugieren un comportamiento diferente de los niños con sobrepeso a las precargas de hidratos de carbono, especificamente los niños de 24 a 36 meses. Estos hallazgos son relevantes ya que proporcionan una información experimental que puede ser utilizada para encontrar explicaciones metabólicas al desarrollo de la obesidad en niños y relevantes para realizar recomendaciones alimentarias destinadas a disminuir los riesgos de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños

Elaboración de un guiso liofilizado para montañistas / Manufacture of a freeze dried stew for mountaineers

Durante la práctica del montañismo, es un hábito ingerir una cena que proporcione gran parte de las necesidades nutricionales y cumpla con algunos requisitos que faciliten su elección. Entre estos se pueden mencionar el tener una composición adecuada, que ocupe volumen y sea liviano, que se conserve bien por un período prolongado de tiempo, que sea de preparación fácil y rápida y que sea bien aceptado por el grupo. Considerando estos requisitos, se elaboró un guiso típico y de consumo habitual en Chile a base de carne y verduras, denominado "charquicán", deshidratado por liofilización con fin de conservar sus caracteristicas nutricionales sensoriales. El producto final está constituido por porciones individuales de 60 g, en envasado al vacío en un envase primario de poliamida-polietileno coextruido, que lo protege de la humedad y del oxígeno atmosférico. Se utilizó además un envase secundario de poliester metalizado para protegerlo de la luz. Los controles de producto optimizado indicaron 6,7 por ciento de humedad y un valor aw de 0.26. La composición química es nutricionamente adecuada, aportando 45,6 por ciento de carbohidratos, 5 por ciento de lípidos y 29,5 por ciento de proteínas. Presentó una calidad sensorial muy buena (puntaje 7,5 en escala de 1 a 9 de Karlsruhe) y una calidad microbiológica buena, ya que cumple con las especificaciones reglamentarias para productos afines, estando por debajo de los límites propuestos para recuento total y hongos y levaduras. El estudio de vida útil se realizó almacenando el producto terminado en condiciones ambientales (20-25ºC y 60-65ºC de HR) controlando simultáneamente la calidad microbiológica y la sensorial. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la calidad microbiológica durante los 200 días controlados. La calidad sensorial en cambio presentó una disminución leve y paulatina hasta alcanzar un puntaje promedio de 6,7 a los 200 días. La aceptación con deportistas de alta montaña en jornadas de escalamiento mostró un escelente aceptación y la buena funcionalidad del producto

Efectos de la coccion tradicional sobre los factores antinutricionales de los frijoles negros (Phaseolus vulgaris) de Costa Rica / Effects of the traditional cooking on antinutritional factors of the black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) of Costa Rica

En esta investigación se determinó la presencia de los inhibidores de tripsina, inhibidores de alfa amilase y hemaglutininas en los frijoles (P. vulgares) producidos en Costa Rica. Además, se estudió su comportamiento ante la cocción tradicional. Los factores antinutricionales se determinaron por espectofotometría en los frijoles crudos, y después de diferentes tiempos de cocción. Se observó que los inhibidores de alfa amilase son los más termorresistentes, ya que a los 30 min de cocción existe un 33% de la actividad inicial presente en el frijol crudo. Alrededor del 80% de la actividad antitripsina ha desaparecido de los 9 min de cocción. En cuanto a las hemaglutininas, a los 10 min la actividad es aproximadamente sólo de 1%